Biomass power generation is a method to realize recycling power generation by using renewable biomass resources, such as waste incineration power generation, agricultural and forestry waste gasification power generation, or power generation by using biogas and landfill gas. Compared with traditional power generation modes such as thermal power generation, biomass power generation can realize energy recycling, turn waste into treasure, save energy, and the power generation fuel is renewable, which is conducive to the sustainable development of China's power industry. At the same time, biomass power generation also has higher cleanliness, which is in line with China's low-carbon and environmental protection development strategy. In recent years, biomass power generation has been widely popularized and applied, which has further alleviated the problem of existing energy shortage, It can also reduce environmental pollution at the same time. It is a power generation means to achieve a win-win situation.

常用的生物質(zhì)發(fā)電方法

Common biomass power generation methods

目前我國應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛的生物質(zhì)發(fā)電方式是沼氣發(fā)電法，其作用原理主要是通過厭氧發(fā)酵技術(shù)對廢棄物進(jìn)行發(fā)酵處理，使其生成沼氣，然后利用沼氣推動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電效果。由于該方法具有較高的穩(wěn)定性，所以普及力度相對來說比較大。其次還有生物質(zhì)氣化發(fā)電法，該技術(shù)作用原理是將生物質(zhì)置于氣化爐中，使其轉(zhuǎn)化為可燃燒氣體，經(jīng)過凈化處理后投入燃?xì)鈾C(jī)內(nèi)作為燃料維持燃燒機(jī)運(yùn)行，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電效果，也可以直接沖入燃料電池發(fā)電。氣化發(fā)電技術(shù)的要點(diǎn)是要保證燃?xì)鈨艋潭?，由于初期氣化的燃?xì)鈺?huì)含有焦炭、灰分以及焦油等污染雜質(zhì)，如果直接使用可能會(huì)讓設(shè)備老化更快，并且造成環(huán)境污染，所以在生物質(zhì)氣化后要對其進(jìn)行一定的精華處理才能作為燃料進(jìn)行使用。

At present, the widely used biomass power generation method in China is biogas power generation method. Its principle is to ferment the waste through anaerobic fermentation technology to generate biogas, and then use biogas to promote the stable operation of the generator to achieve the effect of power generation. Due to the high stability of this method, the popularity is relatively large. Secondly, there is biomass gasification power generation method. The function principle of this technology is to place biomass in the gasifier to convert it into combustible gas. After purification, it is put into the gas engine as fuel to maintain the operation of the combustion engine, so as to realize the power generation effect. It can also be directly rushed into the fuel cell for power generation. The main point of gasification power generation technology is to ensure the degree of gas purification. Since the initial gasification of gas will contain impurities such as coke, ash and tar, if it is used directly, it will make the equipment aging faster and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, after the gasification of biomass, it must be treated with certain essence to use as fuel.

再者，生物質(zhì)還可以與其他燃料混合作用發(fā)電，比如煤炭等，該技術(shù)稱為生物質(zhì)混合燃燒發(fā)電法。主要的混合方法有兩種，一種是將煤炭與生物質(zhì)直接混合作為燃燒介質(zhì)，但是這種方法實(shí)施過程無論對燃燒設(shè)備和燃燒處理環(huán)節(jié)的要求都比較高，一些小型發(fā)電企業(yè)根本無法實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)用范圍不是很廣；還有一種是將汽化后的生物質(zhì)與煤炭混合作為燃燒材料，將燃燒后的蒸汽注入汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電功能，這種方法實(shí)際可操作性更高。

Moreover, biomass can also be mixed with other fuels for power generation, such as coal. This technology is called biomass mixed combustion power generation method. There are two main mixing methods. One is to directly mix coal and biomass as the combustion medium, but the implementation process of this method has high requirements for combustion equipment and combustion treatment links, which can not be realized by some small power generation enterprises, so the application scope is not very wide; The other is to mix the vaporized biomass and coal as combustion materials, and inject the burned steam into the steam turbine generator to realize the power generation function. This method has higher practical operability.

另外，直接燃燒生物質(zhì)進(jìn)行發(fā)電也是一種發(fā)電方法，主要是通過生物質(zhì)燃燒產(chǎn)生的蒸汽推動(dòng)蒸汽發(fā)電機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電。該發(fā)電技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于要對生物質(zhì)原材料進(jìn)行提前處理，并對燃燒鍋爐采取一定的防腐措施，保證原料的適應(yīng)性，同時(shí)還要對燃燒效率和蒸汽機(jī)工作效率進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測管控。還有一種發(fā)展前景比較廣闊的發(fā)電技術(shù)，就是利用垃圾燃燒發(fā)電，該發(fā)電技術(shù)是在高溫狀態(tài)下實(shí)現(xiàn)垃圾的氣化熔融焚燒，不僅可以利用燃燒能源實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電效果，而且對垃圾的焚燒效果比較完全，潔凈度比較高，具有很強(qiáng)的環(huán)保性能。

In addition, direct combustion of biomass for power generation is also a power generation method, which is mainly driven by the steam generated by biomass combustion to realize power generation. The key point of this power generation technology is to treat the biomass raw materials in advance, take certain anti-corrosion measures for the combustion boiler to ensure the adaptability of raw materials, and monitor and control the combustion efficiency and steam engine working efficiency in real time. There is also a power generation technology with broad development prospects, that is, waste combustion power generation. This power generation technology realizes the gasification, melting and incineration of waste under high temperature. It can not only use combustion energy to achieve power generation effect, but also complete waste incineration effect, high cleanliness and strong environmental protection performance.

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