The oil filter should have strong filtering capacity, low flow resistance and long service life. In the engine lubrication system, there are generally three types of filters. The first is the oil filter, which is installed before the oil pump to prevent large particles of impurities from entering the oil pump and early wear of the oil pump; The second is the oil strainer, which is used to filter out the impurities with large particle size (diameter between 0.05-0.1mm) in the oil. It has small flow resistance to the oil. It is generally connected in series between the oil pump and the main oil passage. It belongs to a full flow filter.

我們一般更換的機濾，就是指這種機油粗濾器；第三種是機油細濾器，用以清除直徑在0.001mm以上的細小雜質，由于這種濾清器對于機油的流動阻力較大，故多做成分流式，即與主油道并聯(lián)，只有少量機油流過細濾器。它一般只裝備在大型柴油機上，在轎車上是沒有的，絕大多數(shù)采用離心過濾式。我們在在維護保養(yǎng)發(fā)動機時，一般只更換機油粗濾器，就是我們常說的機油濾芯，而機油細濾器一般在二級保養(yǎng)時清理一次就可以了。

The machine filter we usually replace refers to this kind of oil strainer; The third is the oil fine filter, which is used to remove fine impurities with a diameter of more than 0.001mm. Because this filter has a large flow resistance to the oil, it is more component flow, that is, it is connected in parallel with the main oil passage, and only a small amount of oil flows through the fine filter. It is generally only equipped on large diesel engines, not on cars. Most of them adopt centrifugal filtration. When we maintain the engine, we usually only replace the primary oil filter, which is often referred to as the oil filter element, while the secondary oil filter is generally cleaned once during the secondary maintenance.

現(xiàn)在的發(fā)動機普遍使用旋裝式一次性機油濾清器，也有部分車型使用的是紙芯式濾清器，其中起過濾作用的就是特制的機油濾紙。這種濾紙是一種微孔濾紙，可以過濾機油中粒度在0.05-0.1mm左右的雜質，并且對機油的流動阻力較??；為了保證小體積內有大的過濾面積，并提高濾芯的剛度，一般都折疊成紙扇形和波紋形，并與上下端蓋經(jīng)熱固化處理而粘合在一起的。

Now the engine generally uses the rotary disposable oil filter, and some models use the paper core filter, in which the special oil filter paper plays a filtering role. This filter paper is a kind of microporous filter paper, which can filter impurities with particle size of about 0.05-0.1mm in engine oil, and has small flow resistance to engine oil; In order to ensure a large filtering area in a small volume and improve the stiffness of the filter element, it is generally folded into paper fan-shaped and corrugated shapes and bonded with the upper and lower covers after heat curing treatment.

在機油濾清器中，這種濾紙的用量是經(jīng)過嚴格計算的，可以確保在機油的更換周期內不會發(fā)生堵塞，但也不會有太多的余量。如果超過這個周期過長，機油濾清器就會有堵塞的風險，特別是現(xiàn)在有些車型，機油濾清器做得很小，基本上超過機油的更換周期，它就不起多大的作用了。所以，機油和機油濾清器必須及時更換。

In the oil filter, the amount of this filter paper is strictly calculated, which can ensure that there will be no blockage during the oil change cycle, but there will not be too much margin. If the cycle is too long, the oil filter will have the risk of clogging. Especially for some models, the oil filter is very small. It basically exceeds the oil change cycle, and it will not play much role. Therefore, the oil and oil filter must be replaced in time.

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另外，在機油濾清器上還有兩個重要的閥——止回閥和旁通閥。止回閥是一種單向閥，它可以讓機油進入機油濾清器，但是卻不可以從這里流出，它的作用是阻止發(fā)動機熄火后機油流回油底殼，保證發(fā)動機在啟動后直接形成油壓，盡可能的減少發(fā)動機干摩擦的時間.

In addition, there are two important valves on the oil filter - check valve and bypass valve. The check valve is a one-way valve, which allows the oil to enter the oil filter, but cannot flow out of it. Its function is to prevent the oil from flowing back to the oil pan after the engine is shut down, ensure that the oil pressure is directly formed after the engine is started, and reduce the dry friction time of the engine as much as possible

旁通閥是一種溢流閥，當機油壓力過大時它就會開啟，機油不經(jīng)過濾清就進入主油道，它的作用是當濾紙堵塞時用來應急輸送機油，防止發(fā)動機失去潤滑。旁通閥的開啟壓力是經(jīng)過精密計算的，這個壓力過大或過小都會導致發(fā)動機潤滑性能變差.

The bypass valve is an overflow valve. When the oil pressure is too high, it will open and the oil will enter the main oil passage without filtering. Its function is to transport the oil in an emergency when the filter paper is blocked to prevent the engine from losing lubrication. The opening pressure of the bypass valve is precisely calculated. Too much or too little pressure will lead to poor lubricating performance of the engine

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